Monody |

Greek monodia, lit. — song of one, solo song

1) In Dr. Greece – the singing of one singer, solo, as well as accompanied by aulos, kitara or lyre, less often several. tools. The term “M.” applied ch. arr. to the parts of the tragedy performed by the singers (parodies of these parts are found in other Greek comedies of a later time). Characteristic of M. was an expression of deep sorrow, sometimes of great joy. Nek-ry types of M. represented development of early forms of a dithyramb. In present time, M. is often understood as any solo songs by Dr. Greece, as opposed to choral songs, any parts intended for singing in other Greek. and Roman comedy.

2) Type of solo singing with instr. escort, which arose in the 16th century. in Italy in the Florentine Camerata, which sought to revive the antique. music lawsuit. In accordance with the aesthetic the settings of that time in a similar M. tempo, rhythm and melodic themselves. turns were entirely subordinate to the text, determined by its rhythm and poetic. content. For such M., the alternation of notes is typical. duration, wide volume of the melody and big jumps of the voice. M.’s accompaniment was homophonic and was written out in the form of a general bass. This style, called “recitative” (stile recitativo), received its mature expression in operas and solo madrigals by J. Peri, G. Caccini and C. Monteverdi. Several differed. types of M., depending on the degree of dominance in it of a recitative or melodious beginning. This new style (stile nuovo), which in its original form lasted only a few years. decades, had a great influence on the development of music. lawsuit. It led to the victory of the homophonic warehouse over the polyphonic, to the emergence of a number of new forms and genres (aria, recitative, opera, cantata, etc.) and to the radical transformation of the former ones.

3) In a broad sense – any monophonic melody, any area of ​​​​muses based on monophony. culture (for example, M. Gregorian chant, other Russian church chant, etc.).