Fanfare |

ital. fanfare, German Fanfare, French and English. fanfare

1) Wind brass music. tool. A kind of elongated pipe with a narrow scale without valves. Natural scale (from the 3rd to the 12th sound of the natural scale). Manufactured in various constructions. In modern music practice is used preim. F. in Es (the part is recorded a minor third below the real sound). Applies Ch. arr. to give signals. A special type of F. was created on the instructions of G. Verdi for the post. opera “Aida” (received the name “Egyptian trumpet”, “trumpet of Aida”). This trumpet (length approx. 1,5 m), with a strong and bright sound, was made in C., B., H, As, and was equipped with one valve that lowered the tone.

2) Trumpet signal of celebrations. or hosts. character. It usually consists of the sounds of a major triad, which can be played on natural (without valves) brass spirits. tools. In 2-goal. F. are widely used so-called. horn moves (see French horn). Fanfare themes are often used in music. works of various genres – operas, symphonies, marches, etc. One of the earliest samples – F. from 5 independent. parts in the overture to the opera “Orfeo” by Monteverdi (1607). Trumpet F. was included in the overtures “Leonore” No. 2 (in expanded form) and “Leonore” No. 3 (in a more concise presentation), as well as in Beethoven’s Fidelio Overture.

L. Beethoven. “Fidelio”.

Fanfare themes were also used in Russian. composers (“Italian Capriccio” by Tchaikovsky), are often used also in owls. music (opera “Mother” by Khrennikov, “Festive Overture” by Shostakovich, “Pathetic Oratorio” by Sviridov, festive overture “Symphonic Fanfare” by Shchedrin, etc.). F. are created and in the form of small independent. pieces intended for performance in decomp. celebrations. cases. In orc. suites of the 18th century there are short and noisy parts called F. with rapid repetitions of chords. In folklore, the term “fanfare melody” is used in relation to the melody of certain peoples (for example, the Indians, as well as the Pygmies of Africa and the Aborigines of Australia), in which wide intervals predominate – thirds, quarts and fifths, as well as to those with similar features of song genres in Europe. peoples (including yodel). Fanfare signals used in practice are collected in a number of nat. collections, the earliest of which belong to the 17th century.

References: Rogal-Levitsky D., Modern Orchestra, vol. 1, M., 1953, p. 165-69; Rozenberg A., Music of hunting fanfares in Russia of the XVIII century, in the book: Traditions of Russian musical culture of the XVIII century, M., 1975; Modr A., ​​Musical Instruments, M., 1959.

AA Rosenberg