Brass
In wind instruments, sound is generated due to the vibration of the air flow in the cavity of the musical instrument. It is likely that these musical instruments are among the most ancient, along with percussion. The way the musician blows air out of his mouth, as well as the position of his lips and facial muscles, called the embouchure, affects the pitch and character of the sound of wind instruments. In addition, the sound is regulated by the length of the air column using holes in the body, or additional pipes that increase this column. The more air travels, the lower the sound will be. Distinguish woodwind and brass. However, this classification speaks, rather, not about the material from which the instrument is made, but about the historically established way of playing it. Woodwinds are instruments whose pitch is controlled by holes in the body. The musician closes the holes with his fingers or valves in a certain order, alternating them while playing. Woodwinds can also be metal flutes, and pipes, and even a saxophone, which has never been made of wood at all. In addition, they include flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons, as well as ancient shawls, recorders, duduks and zurnas. Brass instruments include those instruments whose sounding height is regulated by additional nozzles, as well as by the musician's embouchure. Brass instruments include horns, trumpets, cornets, trombones, and tubas. In a separate article - all about wind instruments.
Chalumeau: description of the instrument, sound, history, use
Chalumeau is a wind musical instrument with a single bone. The tool is hand made of wood. The design consists of a cylindrical tube and a single cane. It looks like a classic recorder. It has been known in history since the XNUMXth century. The sound is diatonic. The chromatic sounds of notes when played on the instrument sound indistinct. The reason is the lack of air pressure changing valves. The sound range is one and a half octaves. The narrow range is compensated by different models tuned in other keys. Until the XNUMXth century, it was actively used in orchestras. Solo compositions were composed until the middle of the…
Shalmey: description of the instrument, structure, sound, history
The variety of musical instruments is amazing: some of them have long been exhibits of museums, have fallen into disuse, others are experiencing a rebirth, sound everywhere, and are actively used by professional musicians. The heyday of the shalmy, a woodwind musical instrument, fell on the Middle Ages, the Renaissance. However, a certain interest in the curiosity re-emerged towards the end of the XNUMXth century: today there are connoisseurs of antiquity who are ready to play the shawl and adapt the sound for the performance of modern musical works. Description of the tool Shawl is a long pipe made from a single piece of wood. The body sizes are different:…
Fujara: description of the instrument, composition, history, how to play
Fujara is a Slovak folk musical instrument. Class – whistling longitudinal flute. Technically, this is a double bass among its class. Fujara is called the “queen of Slovak instruments”. The sound is compared to a royal solemn voice. The history of the instrument dates back several centuries. The ancestor of the Slovak flute is the gothic bass pipe. It was distributed in Europe in the XII century. Bass pipes were small in size. An improved model, which became a fujara, appeared in the central region of Slovakia – Podpoliana. The flute was originally played by shepherds. After a few centuries, professional musicians began to use it. The Slovak flute is…
Cheatiriki: tool description, structure, history, use
Hitiriki is a Japanese wind instrument. Classification – aerophone. The sound is characterized by high volume and rich timbre. The structure is a short cylindrical tube. The material of manufacture is bamboo and solid wood. Length – 18 cm. Sound range – 1 octave. The air compartment is made in a cylindrical shape. Due to the shape, the sound resembles the playing of a clarinet. There are 7 finger holes on the side. The pitch adjustment mechanism is located at the back. The story began during the ancient Chinese Zhou Dynasty. Mentions of a similar tool “huja” are found in the northwestern region of China. Khuja was used to give…
Flageolet: what kind of instrument, composition, sound, use
A flageolet is a whistle musical instrument. Type – wooden flute, pipe. The design is made in the form of a wooden tube. Production material – boxwood, ivory. Cylindrical air outlet. There is a whistle device in front. There are 2 main versions of the tool: The French version has 4 finger holes in the front and 2 in the back. Variant from France – the original view. Created by Sir Juvigny. The oldest collection of the manuscript “Lessons of the Flageolet” dates back to 1676. The original is in the British Library. The English form has 6 finger holes on the front side, and sometimes 1 thumb hole on…
Flugelhorn: what is it, sound range, difference from a pipe
When an instrumental performance of a brass or jazz band needs to emphasize a certain passage, the weather vane comes into play. It has a high sound, sounds soft, natural, not loud. For this feature, he was loved by composers who write music for wind, symphony or jazz bands. What is flugelhorn The instrument is part of the copper-wind group. Sound reproduction occurs by blowing air through the mouthpiece and passing it through the conical bore of the barrel. Trumpeters play the weather vane. External similarity allows you to compare it with the closest family instruments – trumpet and cornet. A distinctive feature is a wider scale. The wind musical…
Fluer: what is it, tool composition, types, use
Fluer is the national musical wind instrument of Moldova. It is a kind of open longitudinal wooden flute. It is made from various types of wood: elder, willow, maple or hornbeam. A flute flute looks like a tube, the length of which is from 30 to 35 cm, and the diameter is up to one and a half centimeters. There are six or seven sound holes on the instrument. The sound range of the Moldavian flute is diatonic, up to two and a half octaves. In addition to the classic variety of fluer, there is a whistle and the so-called zhemenat. The whistle fluer is called “ku dop”, which means…
Bassoon: what is it, sound, varieties, structure, history
The exact date of the birth of the bassoon has not been established, but this musical instrument definitely comes from the Middle Ages. Despite its ancient origin, it is still popular today, it is an important component of symphony and brass bands. What is a bassoon Bassoon belongs to the group of wind instruments. His name is Italian, translated as “bundle”, “knot”, “bundle of firewood”. Outwardly, it looks like a slightly curved, long tube, equipped with a complex valve system, a double cane. The timbre of the bassoon is considered expressive, enriched with overtones throughout the entire range. More often, 2 registers are applicable – lower, middle (upper is less…
Bass clarinet: description of the instrument, sound, history, playing technique
The bass version of the clarinet appeared at the beginning of the XNUMXth century. Today, this instrument is part of symphony orchestras, used in chamber ensembles, and is in demand among jazz musicians. Description of the tool The bass clarinet, in Italian it sounds like “clarinetto basso”, belongs to the category of woodwind musical instruments. Its device is similar to the device of a conventional clarinet, the main structural elements are: Body: straight cylindrical tube, consisting of 5 elements (bell, mouthpiece, knees (upper, lower), barrel). Reed (tongue) – a thin plate used to extract sound. Valves, rings, sound holes decorating the surface of the body. The bass clarinet is made…
Basset horn: instrument description, history, composition, use
The basset horn is an alto type of clarinet with a long body and a lower, softer and warmer tone. This is a transposing instrument – the real pitch of the sound of such instruments does not coincide with that indicated in the notes, differing by a certain interval down or up. The basset horn is a mouthpiece that passes through a curved tube into a body that ends in a curved bell. Its range is lower than that of the clarinet, reaching down to a note up to a small octave. This is achieved by the presence of additional valves that are controlled by the little fingers or thumbs…
